The Hidden Dangers in Disposable Sanitary Napkins

Recent research confirms what many have long suspected: disposable sanitary napkins contain harmful chemicals — and their long-term use may be contributing to the growing reproductive health crisis among young women, including rising cases of PCOS and other menstrual disorders.

We have summarized below the findings in the research publications. Should you wish to read further, links are provided to the cited journal papers.

1. Toxic Chemicals Are Present — and Can Be Absorbed

• Marroquin et al. (2024) conducted a systematic review revealing the widespread presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates, volatile organic compounds, dioxins, and fragrances in commercial menstrual products. These toxins can be absorbed through the skin or mucosal tissues, especially in the highly permeable vaginal area.
  
  Marroquin, Joanna, et al. "Chemicals in menstrual products: a systematic review." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 131.5 (2024): 655-664.
  

2. India-Specific Evidence: Health and Environmental Concerns

• Kumar et al. (2024) focused on the Indian market, reporting high levels of toxic compounds in popular sanitary napkin brands — including pesticide residues and heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury. The study links exposure to these chemicals with hormonal imbalances, infertility and chronic inflammation.


• Furthermore, the research highlighted that Indian sanitary pads contain higher concentrations of these hazardous chemicals compared to similar products sold in developed countries like the USA, Europe, and Japan.
  
  Kumar, Binay, et al. "The Indian perspective on the harmful substances found in sanitary napkins and their effects on the environment and human health." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31.25 (2024): 36217-36229.
  

3. Direct Impact on Reproductive Health

• Gaikwad et al. (2023) and Avhad et al. (2023) emphasized how repeated exposure to these substances disrupts the endocrine system, affecting ovulation and menstrual cycles. Their findings show potential links to delayed menarche, irregular periods, painful cramps and PCOS-like symptoms in long-term users.
  
  Gaikwad, Mayuri K., et al. "Impact of Hazardous Chemical compounds on Reproductive System Reported in Sanitary Products." Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics 15.3 (2023): 112-118.
  
  Avhad, Pooja, et al. "Impact of Hazardous Chemical Compounds on the Reproductive System Reported in Sanitary Products."

4. Heavy Metals Across Global Brands

• Ma et al. (2024) tested sanitary napkins from seven countries (China, Japan, South Korea, USA, UK, Australia and Germany) and found dangerous levels of heavy metals, including arsenic and lead in sanitary napkins. These metals are known to accumulate in the body and have been linked to neurotoxicity and reproductive system damage.
  
  Ma, Jiayi, et al. "Occurrence of heavy metals in sanitary napkins from seven countries: implication for risk management of female hygiene products." Environmental Technology Innovation 34 (2024): 103606.

5. Phthalates: A Silent Threat

• Tang et al. (2019) identified phthalates (plasticizers commonly used in pad backings and adhesives) in sanitary napkins from six countries (Japan, South Korea, USA, UK, Australia and Germany). Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors — linked to early puberty, irregular cycles, and even ovarian dysfunction.
  
  Tang, Zhenwu, et al. "Occurrence and distribution of phthalates in sanitary napkins from six countries: implications for women’s health." Environmental Science & Technology 53.23 (2019): 13919-13928.

The Consequences Are Real

Young women today are facing an epidemic of menstrual issues: painful cramps, irregular cycles, early onset PCOS — and chemical-laden disposable products may be a major but overlooked contributor.

These harmful substances are not only absorbed through the skin but can enter the bloodstream, interfering with hormone signaling and disrupting natural cycles.

Safer Alternatives

Choosing natural, breathable, reusable menstrual products made without toxins is not just an environmental choice — it's a health decision. Thousands are already making the switch — and seeing changes in just a few months.

#HEALChallenge #PeriodHealing